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Baseball Field
Specifications
Diagram of a baseball field.
Unless otherwise indicated, the specifications described in this article refer to those described in the Official Baseball Rules, which Major League Baseball is played. The starting point for much of the action in the field is home plate, which is a five-sided slab of whitened rubber, 17 inches square, with two corners removed so that one edge is 17 inches long, two adjacent sides are 8 inches and the other two sides are 12 inches and at an angle to make a point. Beside each of the two parallel 8 1/2-inch sides is a batter's box. The point of home plate, where the two sides meet 12 inches square, is in a corner of a ninety-foot square. The other three corners of the square, with to the left of the plate, is called the first base, second base and third base. Three bags fifteen inches (38 cm) marks the three square bases. These three bags along with the plate of home are the four bases in the corners of the infield.
A subtlety about the bases is that all stock base, along with home plate, are entirely within fair territory. Therefore, any batted ball touch those bases must necessarily be in fair territory while playing the stock market or the board. While the first and third base bags are placed so that they are within the square formed by 90-foot bases, the second base bag is positioned so that its center (as opposed to the first third, and home) matches exactly the "point" of the square within the frame of ninety feet. Thus, although the "points" of the bases is 90 feet away, the physical distance between each successive pair of base markers is closer to 88 feet. This positioning of the second base bag creates a "compensation" (half width of bag) of pure "alignment" with the stock first and third base - an anomaly that does not seem to have affected the play over the years and usually goes unnoticed by the players and fans.
The lines from home plate to first and third bases extend to the nearest fence, stand or other obstruction and call foul lines. The part of the playing field between (and including) the foul lines is fair territory, the rest is foul territory. The area near the square formed by the bases is called the infield, just outside the infield is known as the gardens. Most baseball fields are closed with a fence that marks the outer edge of the gardens. The fence is usually set at a distance of 300 to 410 feet (90 to 125 m) from the home. Most professional baseball fields and the university have the right and the foul pole on the left. These poles are at the intersection of the foul lines and the respective ends of the fence and, unless otherwise specified in the rules of the game, are in fair territory. Therefore, a batted ball that goes over the outfield wall in flight and touch the foul pole is a ball of fair and the batter is awarded a home run. Another common feature is a baseball field warning track, a narrow dirt road that follows the outer edge the gardens in the fence to serve to warn gardeners to its proximity to the wall.
First base
Main article: First baseman
First base Post a foul in the Citi Field in Flushing, Queens.
The first base is the first of the four bases that must be touched by a player on the batting team to score a run. Unlike when an offensive player gets to second base or third, it is permissible for a batter-runner passing first base without being in danger of being put out. After contact is made with the base, the batter-runner may slow down and return to first base in his spare time, provided they do not make any movement or attempt to move to second base.
There are nine ways a batter can reach first base. They are:
On foot
Hit
Hit by pitch
fielder's choice
Error
Uncaught third strike
catcher's interference
Judge interference
Obstruction
The first base is the defensive player responsible for the area around first base. The first professional base is often high. A first base height has a large target for other gardeners can shoot, and its height gives a wider range of procurement and catch errant shots. Players who are lefties are preferable to first base because: first, it is easier for a lefty outfielder catch a pick-off near the pitcher and baserunner label, and second, his left foot (as used to maintain contact with the first base after receiving a throw from another fielder) is closer to the first base of his right foot. (A first base of the right hand must at the same facility to receive a throw of an infielder, run a half-turn near the base, which is a movement that does not need a lefty to do.)
In the numbering system used for record defensive plays, the first baseman is assigned the number "3."
Second base
Main article: Second baseman
second base, or 2B, is the second of four stations on a baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a baserunner to score a run that player's team. The second basis is normally defended by the second baseman and shortstop. The second base is also known as the cornerstone of the bag. A runner on second base is said to "position record "because of the high probability of reaching home and score a run from second base on base hits. From the second is the farthest from the motherboard your home is the most common objective of stolen base.
Ideally, the second baseman and shortstop have quick feet and hands and the ability to release the ball quickly and accurately. One generally cover second base when another attempt to field the ball. Both players must communicate well enough to make a double play. agility requires special second base in double play situations, which usually forces the player to throw to first while his momentum carries him in the opposite direction. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the second baseman is assigned the number 4, and the shortstop 6.
Third base
Main article: Third Base
Third base is the third of four bases a runner must touch in a counterclockwise succession in order to score a run. Many hit the ball leading to the mass have been (eg sacrifice) may allow a runner to reach home and score a run from third base, where the third out and end do not register before you can do it. A runner on third base is especially valuable for the batting team when less than two outs were recorded.
The third base, or 3B, is the defensive player has the responsibility to defend the area closest to third base. A third base has a quick reaction to batted balls and a strong arm to make the long throw to first base. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the third baseman is assigned the number 5.
Home Plate
Home plate Teb baseball field
Top panel, formally designated seat in the regulation, is the ultimate basis that a player must touch to score. Unlike other bases, the dish is a five-sided slab of whitened rubber which is fixed at the ground level. The use of rubber was developed by Robert Keating, who pitched a game for the Baltimore Orioles 1887. Previously, most dangerously, the plate was made of stone, iron or wood.
50 to 100 feet (15 to 30 meters) behind the plate is the backstop, which is a wall or fence will stop wild pitches, passed balls and foul balls. In the closed stadium, support is often composed of a bottom, which is as any other part of the wall, and a higher compensation to protect spectators seated behind her in the recreational baseball fields, there are usually high chain-link fence, including an upper section at an angle, which make up the full backup.
In addition, the receiver includes home plate when a runner tries to score a run, you must tag the runner with the ball (or glove with the ball inside) before touching home plate racer, or if the bases are loaded you can simply touch the plate while in possession of the ball to get the runner. professional catchers in the major leagues often have large body frames up clog up home plate access for riders. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the receiver is assigned the number 2.
batter's box and receiver box
David Ortiz (in gray) Boston Red Sox is in the batter's box for left-handed hitters.
the batter's box is the place where the batter is when you are ready to receive a throw from pitcher. Usually drawn in chalk on the ground around home plate, and the inside of the boxes diluted before each game.
The chalk lines delineate the 2 missing lines often did not extend through batting cages. However, these lines are conceptually for the purpose of judging a batted ball fair or foul. In addition, the inner edges of the batting cages are often not set-in chalk. Similarly, although not marked, lines still exist for the purpose of the rules on the plate and the batter's position in relation to it.
There are two batting cages, one on each side of home plate. The batter boxes are 4 feet wide and 6 feet long. The batting cages are centered lengthwise in the center of the plate with the line inside each box batter of 6 inches from the edge near the home plate. A right-handed batter would stand in the batter's box on the left side of the plate from the perspective of the receiver and the referee. A batter left-hander stood in the batter's box on the right. A batter may only occupy a square of batting at the moment and can not legally leave the batter's box after the pitcher has established or have begun their rope. If you want to leave the batter batting box once the pitcher has started the rubber, you must first ask the arbitrator for the timeout. Time will not be granted if the pitcher has begun his pitching motion. For the rules relating to the batter's box, see Rule 6.05 and 6.06 of Official Baseball Rules.
The receiver is the defensive player is positioned to receive releases - usually placed inside the receiver box. receiver box is 43 inch wide, centered on expanding and 8 feet behind the point plate. Rule sets vary as to the responsibility of the recipient to remain in the receiver box. Under the Official Baseball Rules, the only penalty specified in relation to the receiver box is that when a batter is walked intentionally, it is a balk if catcher steps out of the receiver box before the pitcher releases the pitch.
Foul Poles
February 1 foul poles at Citizens Bank Park in Philadelphia.
The aim of the foul pole is to assist the referee if a high success rate above the fence line is wrong (not match) or right (one homer). Poles are a vertical extension of the foul lines. Both objects are used to determine if a ball is foul or fair. The outer edge of the foul lines and foul poles define foul territory and both own lines and poles are actually within fair territory. Before 1920, the foul lines were "infinite": the batter was awarded with a home run only if a large landed over the fence in fair territory, or was just "when last seen" by the referee. Under the current rule, a batted ball that goes out of play during the flight is judged fair or foul to the point where the barrier disappears. Therefore, a high hit a foul pole above the top the outfield fence is a home run, regardless of where the ball goes after hitting the post, and a high clearing the fence on the right side of the poles is a home run, regardless of where it lands. Foul poles (shown at right) are much higher than the top of the outfield fence, and usually have a screen narrow that covers just part of the pole of new aid opinion of the referee. A call can still be difficult, especially in stages without gardens behind the poles to provide perspective. most of Wrigley Field is known for the long, curved arguments flies free throw line (particularly in the field left) that sail higher than the foul pole.
Pitcher mound
The pitcher moves forward of the rubber as the pitch is released.
In about the middle of the square a few meters, midway between first and third base, and a further plate to second base, is a low hill called artificial mound the launcher. This is where the pitcher is throwing the pitch. Atop the hill is a white rubber slab, called the pitcher's plate or commonly the Rubber, 6 inches (15 cm) from front to back and 2 feet (61 cm) wide, the front of which is exactly 60 feet, 6 inches (18.4 m) from the rear point home plate. This peculiar distance was set by the rulemakers in 1893, not because of an office or measurement error as a popular myth that has, but on purpose (more details in the History section).
Major League Baseball, a regulation mound is 18 feet (5.5 m) in diameter with the center 59 feet (18.0 m) from the rear point of home plate, the line between home and second base. The front edge of the pitcher's plate or rubber is 18 inches (45.7 cm) behind the center the mound, so that the midpoint of the leading edge of 60 feet 6 inches (18.4 m) from the rear point of home plate. Six inches (15.2 cm) in front of the caster rubber the mound begins to slope downward. The top of the rubber should be no more than ten inches (25.4 cm) above the plate. From 1903 to 1968, this limit height was set at 15 inches, but was often slightly higher, sometimes up to 20 inches (50.8 cm), especially for teams that emphasized pitching, as Los Angeles Dodgers, who were considered to have the highest mound in the majors.
A pitcher must push the rubber with his foot to gain speed toward the plate when pitching. In addition, a mound generally favors the pitcher top. With the height advantage, the pitcher gains more leverage and can put the lowest speed on the ball, making it more difficult for the batter hit the ball squarely with the bat. The reduction of the mound in 1969 was intended to "increase the batting "once again, as pitching had become increasingly dominant, reaching its peak the previous year, 1968 is known among historians baseball as "The Year of the Pitcher." This restrictive rule apparently did its job, contributing to the shock wave of modern baseball.
In baseball Little League, the distance between the mound and homeplate is 46 '. PONY Baseball supplies most of the age ranges of Little League in their islands Shetland, Pinto, Mustang and Bronco divisions (covering ages 5 to 12 respectively) Each of these divisions has a different distance between the mound and the plate of home as well as baselines growing. This ranking of the dimensions of the field is intended to reflect the growth of the participants themselves as mature physically. For example, the mound of the division of Mustang is 44 'of the house, and the Bronco division 48'. PONY baseball offers divisions for children beyond the age of 12 years in the horse, pony and Palomino divisions. The Pony division utilizes a 54 'distance from the mound to home while Colt and Palomino use a major league dimensions of 60 '6 "mound and basepaths away 90.
A pitcher's mound is difficult for gardeners to maintain. Usually before every game that is diluted to prevent dust from spreading. In youth and amateur baseball fields, the mound may be very different from the rulebook definition due to erosion and attempts to repair. Even in the big leagues, each mound win their very nature, as pitchers are allowed to eject pieces of land in its path, thereby sculpting the mound a bit of your choice. Mark Fidrych is an example of a pitcher. The pitcher may carry a bag of resin in the back of the mound to dry hands
Baseline
A baseline is the direct route straight line between two bases adjacent, but not drawn in chalk or paint on the field (though foul lines are drawn.) The BasePath is the region within three feet (0.9 m) from the baseline. Brokers are not required to run on this BasePath goal, however, a base runner can run to where you want when you're not trying to play with him. By when the defense begins to attempt a tag on it, its baseline is established as a direct line from his current position on the grounds that he is trying. A corridor away more than three feet away from the baseline in an attempt to avoid a tag can be called out.
Grass line
The HHH Metrodome, showing a white "grass" line.
The grass line where the infield dirt ends and begins the herb gardens, has no special meaning the rules of the game, but may influence the outcome of a game. Earth roads running between the bases (and at the same time, between the pitcher and catcher) have existed since the beginning the game, although not mentioned in the rule book until about 1950, and specifications are flexible. In addition to providing a running path, lines grass act as a visual aid for players, umpires and fans may better judge the distance from the center of the diamond. Sometimes the ball can get a rebound off difficult area of land or on the edge between land and grass. World Series championships (including 1924, 1960 and 1986) have been decided or heavily influenced by industry erratic hops of ground balls. In stadiums with artificial turf (such as those with FieldTurf in Major League Baseball), infield dirt is placed only around the bases and areas around the pitcher and batter, so the "grass line" is designated by a white line. The exception is at the Tropicana City of St. Petersburg, where, despite the artificial turf, standard dirt basepaths are used.
Gardens
The gardens are made of thick grass or grass artificial. This is where gardeners game. The positions to play in the gardens are right, center and left field. External fields vary in size depending on the size the field in general.
Warning Track
The bottom picture shows part of the orange clay colored warning track at Fenway Park.
The warning usually refers to the strip of land off the fence home runs. Because the color of the warning and feels different from the garden lawn, a gardener can stay focused on high near the fence and take its proximity to the fence in mind when attempting to catch the ball safely. It is also used for grounds maintenance for not to drive in the grass field.
A warning track is also a common feature along the left and right sides of a field.
A gauge warning varies from one field to another. Usually designed to give warning about three steps to the highest level players in the field. Typical performance wide about six feet of Little League fields at about 1,015 feet to play college or professional level.
The track can be composed of fine soil particles of rock, such as ash, so the announcer Bob Wolff called it "the path of ashes" instead of "security zone."
The idea of a warning track originated in Yankee Stadium, where he built a running track today for the use of track and field events. When people saw how the baseball song helped gardeners, soon became a feature of every stage.
Despite the presence of the warning, it is common to see outfielders crash in the wall to make a catch, either by the desire to field of play regardless of the outcome or because they do not sign the warning. For this reason, the walls of the gardens are often be padded for safety when possible. Wrigley Field wall the brick is covered only by ivy, which is especially soft. There are pills on the walls of sharp left field and right field foul corners.
Warning Track is a derogatory term for a body that seems to have enough power to hit the ball to the warning track for a start but not enough to hit a home run. The more general term refers to someone or something that is almost, but not enough good for something.
Wall Gardens
The Green Monster in 2006, showing the manual scoreboard and Green Monster seats, and more recent additions, including ads Charity at the top, billboards on the Green Monster seats, and the American League East standings.
outfield wall is the wall separating the gardens of the playing area. Some give up more homers stages depending on the height of its walls. Fenway Park Green Monster is the highest of the 37-foot walls Many stadiums have padded walls for protection of gardeners trying to make plays.
Bullpen
Main article: Bullpen
The bullpen (sometimes called as "pen") is the area where pitchers warm up before entering a game. Depending on the ballpark, may be located in territory foul along the baseline or beyond the outfield fence. Relief pitchers usually wait in the bullpen when have yet to play in a game, instead of on the bench with the rest of the team. The starting pitcher also makes his final pregame warmups in the bullpen. Managers can call coaches in the bullpen a mobile home off the bench to tell a certain pitcher to begin his warm-up pitches. "Bullpen" is also used metaphorically to describe the collection of a team of relief pitchers.
Pitchers warming in the bullpen
In the story circles
Main article: On cover
There are two on-deck circle in the field, one for each computer located in foul ground between home plate and the respective team benches. They are technically known as the boxes next batter. The on-deck circle when the next batter is set, or mass "on deck", is heated to await the actual mass finished his shift. The on-deck circle is either a composite area of bare ground, a simple circle painted on the artificial turf, or often, especially professional level, made of artificial materials with the team logo painted on it.
coach's boxes
coach's boxes, located behind first and third, is where the 1st and 3rd base coach is supposed to stand, but often do not stand on them and they come in the field. This is allowed provided it does not interfere with the game. Coach boxes are marked with chalk or paint. On the day before, the term "coaches box" was used as a "coach" was led to a verb. As the term "technical" became a name, the box has also changed.
History
Design The diamond core has changed little since the original Knickerbocker Rules of 1840. The distance between bases was already established as 90 feet, which remains unchanged today. Through trial and error, 90 feet had been determined that the optimum distance. 100 feet have been given too much advantage to the defense, and 80 feet too on the offensive. In athletics has improved on both sides of the equation, 90 feet remains the appropriate balance between batting and fielding, as it continues to provide frequent tests between speed of a batter-runner and the throwing arm of a gardener.
It is the pitching distance, and other aspects of the pitcher's mound, and the launch itself, to be played with from time to time during the many decades in an effort to maintain an adequate balance between pitching and hitting.
In contrast to the distance between the bases, which seems natural enough, the very specific pitching distance of 60 feet 6 inches is one of those sports oddities that seems like a mistake unless you know the story:
The original Knickerbocker Rules did not specify the pitching distance explicitly.
By the time major league baseball began in the 1870's, the pitcher was forced to throw in a "box" that the front edge was 45 feet from the "point" of home plate. Although he had to release the ball before crossing the line, as with bowlers in cricket, also had to start delivery within the box, I could not run in the field as players do. It also had to throw abuse. In the 1880's, pitchers have dominated the clandestine delivery quite well. The year 1880 saw two perfect games within a week of each other.
In an attempt to "increase the batting", the front edge of the pitcher's box in 1881 moved 5 feet, 50 feet from home plate.
The box size was played over the coming years. Pitchers were allowed overhead shot from 1884, and that tipped the balance of power again. In 1887, the table was set at 4 feet wide and 5 1 / 2 feet, with the front edge still 50 feet from home plate. However, the pitcher was forced to deliver the ball your foot back in the line of the feet 55 1 / 2 of the box, thus somewhat limiting their ability to "power" the ball with his overhand delivery. (Lansch, p. 96)
In 1893, the painting was replaced by the pitcher's plate, although the term "removed from the box" is sometimes used when a pitcher is replaced ineffective the contract. Exactly 5 feet was added to the point that the pitcher had to toe, again "to increase the batting" (and hopefully to increase attendance, in the interest of the fans had scored a), resulting in seemingly peculiar pitching distance of 60 1 / 2 feet. (Lansch, p. 230)
Many sources tend to say that the pitching distance changed from 45 to 50 to 60 1 / 2 feet. However, the first two were the "launching point" and the third is the "pushoff point ", so the 1893 increase was not as dramatic as is often implied, namely the 1893 rule change added only 5 feet to the release point, no 10 1 / 2 feet.
Originally, the pitcher threw from flat ground (such as softball pitchers still do), but eventually developed the mound tip the balance on the way back to the pitchers a bit.
Before the mid 20th century it was common for baseball stadiums to include a dirt road between the pitcher's mound and home plate. This function, sometimes known as the "keyhole" in the way it does with the mound, which once was as wide as the pitcher's box and looked to the "pitch" area used in the game of cricket. Sometimes this path extended through the hitting zone and all the way to the backstop. Once the pitcher's mound round was developed, the path became more ornamental than practical, and was gradually more thin, before being largely abandoned by early 1940. In recent years, some stadiums, such as Comerica Park and Chase Field in the majors, have revived function for nostalgic reasons.
References
^ Official Baseball Rules - Rule 1
^ James, B. New Historical Baseball Abstract.
Official Rules of Major League Baseball
The Baseball Encyclopedia, published by MacMillan
Glory Fades Away, by Jerry Lansch
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